Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokuthutha Ezithwala Amabhodlela Ekhaya E-China
Isigaba Sokuqala Sokuthuthwa Kwama-Container Ekhaya
Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kwasekhaya eShayina kwaqala kusenesikhathi. Ngawo-1950, izitsha zokhuni zase zivele zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla phakathi kweShanghai Port neDalian Port.
Ngawo-1970, izitsha zensimbi—ikakhulukazi ezazinezincazelo zamathani angu-5 kanye namathani angu-10—zafakwa ohlelweni lwesitimela futhi kancane kancane zandiswa ekuthuthweni kwasolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezici eziningana ezivimbelayo ezifana nalezi:
• Izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu
• Ukukhiqiza okungathuthuki kahle
• Amandla emakethe alinganiselwe
• Isidingo sasekhaya esinganele
Ukwanda Kokuthuthwa Kwama-Container Ajwayelekile Ekhaya
Ukujula okuqhubekayo kwezinguquko nokuvula amathuba emisebenzi eShayina, kanye nezinguquko zesimiso sezomnotho, kwasheshisa kakhulu ukukhula kokuhweba kwezwe ngokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuthuthwa kwamakhonteyina kwaqala ukuchuma, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisogwini, lapho ingqalasizinda kanye nesidingo sezokuthutha sathuthukiswa khona.
Ukwanda kwezinsizakalo zamakhonteyina okuhweba kwamanye amazwe kudale izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwemakethe yokuthutha amakhonteyina yasekhaya, okuhlinzeka:
• Ulwazi olubalulekile lokusebenza
• Amanethiwekhi amakhulu okuthutha
• Amapulatifomu olwazi aqinile
Ingqophamlando ebalulekile yenzeka mhla ziyi-16 kuZibandlela 1996, lapho umkhumbi wokuqala waseShayina ohleliwe wezitsha zasekhaya, umkhumbi i-“Fengshun”, usuka eXiamen Port uphethe izitsha ezijwayelekile zomhlaba wonke. Lo mcimbi wawuphawula ukuqala okusemthethweni kokuthutha okujwayelekile kwezitsha zasekhaya ezisemachwebeni aseShayina.
Izici zokuthutha izitsha zasolwandle zokuhweba zasekhaya zifaka:
01. Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu
Ukuthuthwa okufakwe emathinini kuvumela izimpahla ukuthi zilayishwe futhi zithululwe ngokushesha, kunciphisa inani lokuthuthwa nokuphathwa, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usayizi wamathini ajwayelekile uvumela imikhumbi nezindawo zamachweba ukuthi zifane kangcono, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha.
02. Okongayo
Ukuthuthwa kwezitsha ngolwandle kuvame ukonga kakhulu kunokuthuthwa komhlaba. Ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni ezinkulu kanye nokuthuthwa kwebanga elide, ukuthuthwa kwezitsha olwandle kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhamba.
03. Ukuphepha
Isitsha sinesakhiwo esiqinile kanye nokusebenza kokuvala, okungavikela ngempumelelo izimpahla ekulimaleni kwendawo yangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kolwandle ziqinisekisa nokuthuthwa okuphephile kwezimpahla.
04. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo
Ukuthuthwa okunamakhonteyina kwenza kube lula ukuthi izimpahla zidluliselwe kusuka kwelinye ichweba ziye kwelinye, kuqaphela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kokuthuthwa kwezindlela eziningi. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza ukuthuthwa kwamakhonteyina olwandle lwasekhaya kukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezahlukene zezokuthutha.
05. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthuthwa ngomgwaqo, ukuthuthwa kwezitsha zasolwandle kunokukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuphansi, okusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthwa kwezitsha kunciphisa nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yokupakisha, okusiza ekuvikelweni kwemvelo.
| Imizila yaseNingizimu China | Amachweba Okuya Kuwo | Isikhathi Sokuhamba |
| I-Shanghai - Guangzhou | I-Guangzhou (nge-Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | Izinsuku ezi-3 |
| I-Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | I-Dongguan (nge-Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | Izinsuku ezi-3 |
| I-Shanghai - Xiamen | I-Xiamen (nge-Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | Izinsuku ezi-3 |
| I-Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | Izinsuku ezi-5 |
| I-Taicang - Zhanjiang | I-Zhanjiang | Izinsuku ezi-5 |
| I-Taicang - Haikou | I-Haikou | Izinsuku eziyi-7 |
| Imizila YaseNyakatho yeShayina | Amachweba Okuya Kuwo | Isikhathi Sokuhamba |
| I-Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | Izinsuku ezi-2.5 |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | I-Jingtang (nge-Tianjin) | Izinsuku ezi-2.5 |
| I-Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | I-Tianjin (nge-Pacific International Terminal) | Izinsuku ezi-2.5 |
| Shanghai - Dalian | I-Dalian | Izinsuku ezi-2.5 |
| I-Shanghai - Qingdao | I-Qingdao (nge-Rizhao, futhi ixhuma eYantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, kanye ne-Weifang) | Izinsuku ezi-2.5 |
| Imizila Yomfula iYangtze | Amachweba Okuya Kuwo | Isikhathi Sokuhamba |
| I-Taicang - Wuhan | I-Wuhan | Izinsuku ezingu-7-8 |
| I-Taicang - Chongqing | I-Chongqing (nge-Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Izinsuku ezingama-20 |
Inethiwekhi yokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina yasekhaya yamanje ifinyelele ukumbozwa okugcwele kuzo zonke izindawo ezisogwini lwaseShayina kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zemifula. Yonke imizila esunguliwe isebenza ngezinsizakalo zemikhumbi ezizinzile nezihleliwe. Izinkampani ezibalulekile zokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina zasekhaya ezibandakanyeka ekuthuthweni kwamakhonteyina asogwini nasemfuleni zifaka: iZhonggu Shipping, i-COSCO, iSinfeng Shipping, kanye ne-Antong Holdings.
I-Taicang Port iqalise izinsizakalo zokuthumela ngqo ezikhumulweni zezindiza eFuyang, eFengyang, eHuaibin, eJiujiang, naseNanchang, ngenkathi ikhulisa imvamisa yemizila yekhwalithi ephezulu eya eSuqian. Lezi zinguquko ziqinisa ukuxhumana nezindawo ezibalulekile zezimpahla ezisemaphandleni ase-Anhui, eHenan, naseJiangxi. Kuye kwenziwa intuthuko enkulu ekwandiseni ukuba khona kwemakethe engxenyeni ephakathi yoMfula iYangtze.
Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zezitsha Ekuthunyelweni Kwasekhaya Okunezitsha
Imininingwane Yesitsha:
• 20GP (Isitsha esijwayelekile esingamamitha angu-20)
• Ubukhulu Bangaphakathi: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Isisindo Esiphelele: Amathani angu-27
• Umthamo Ongasetshenziswa: 24–26 CBM
• Isiteketiso: "Isitsha Esincane"
• 40GP (Isitsha esijwayelekile esingamamitha angu-40)
• Ubukhulu Bangaphakathi: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Isisindo Esiphelele: Amathani angu-26
• Umthamo Ongasetshenziswa: cishe 54 CBM
• Isiteketiso: "Isitsha Esijwayelekile"
• 40HQ (Isitsha se-High Cube esingamamitha angu-40)
• Ubukhulu Bangaphakathi: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Isisindo Esiphelele: Amathani angu-26
• Umthamo Ongasetshenziswa: cishe 68 CBM
• Isiteketiso: "Isitsha Esine-Cube Ephakeme"
Izincomo Zokusebenzisa:
• I-20GP ifanelekela imithwalo esindayo njengamathayela, izingodo, ama-pellet epulasitiki, kanye namakhemikhali agcwele izigubhu.
• Ama-40GP / 40HQ afaneleka kakhulu emthwalweni olula noma omkhulu, noma izimpahla ezinezidingo ezithile zobukhulu, njengemicu yokwenziwa, izinto zokupakisha, ifenisha, noma izingxenye zemishini.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Zokusebenza: Kusukela eShanghai kuya eGuangdong
Iklayenti lethu ekuqaleni lalisebenzisa ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo ukuletha izimpahla ezivela eShanghai ziya eGuangdong. Iloli ngalinye elingamamitha ayi-13 lalithwala amathani angu-33 emithwalo ngezindleko zama-RMB 9,000 ngohambo ngalunye, kanye nesikhathi sokuhamba sezinsuku ezimbili.
Ngemva kokushintshela esixazululweni sethu sokuthutha olwandle esilungiselelwe kahle, impahla manje isithunyelwa kusetshenziswa izitsha ezingama-40HQ, ngasinye sithwala amathani angama-26. Izindleko ezintsha zokuthutha ziyi-RMB 5,800 ngesitsha ngasinye, kanti isikhathi sokuhamba siyizinsuku eziyi-6.
Uma sibheka izindleko, ezokuthutha olwandle zinciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuthutha—kusukela ku-RMB 272 ngethani kuya ku-RMB 223 ngethani—okwenza ukuthi kongiwe cishe ku-RMB 49 ngethani.
Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi, ukuthuthwa ngolwandle kuthatha izinsuku ezi-4 ngaphezulu kunokuthuthwa ngomgwaqo. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi iklayenti lenze izinguquko ezifanayo ekuhleleni impahla kanye nokuhlela ukukhiqizwa ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Isiphetho:
Uma iklayenti lingadingi ukulethwa okuphuthumayo futhi lingahlela ukukhiqizwa kanye nokugcinwa kusengaphambili, imodeli yezokuthutha olwandle inikeza ikhambi lezokuthutha elingabizi kakhulu, elizinzile, nelinobungani nemvelo.