Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokuthutha Ezithwala Ngamanzi Zasekhaya Esitshalweni saseShayina
Isigaba sokuqala Sokuthutha Kweziqukathi Zasekhaya
Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okuneziqukathi zaseShayina kwaqala kusenesikhathi. Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, iziqukathi zokhuni zase zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla phakathi kweShanghai Port kanye neDalian Port.
Ngawo-1970, iziqukathi zensimbi—ikakhulukazi ezichazwe ngamathani angu-5 no-10—zafakwa esimisweni sesitimela futhi kancane kancane zanwetshwa kwezokuthutha zasolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezici ezimbalwa ezikhawulelayo njenge:
• Izindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu
• Ukukhiqiza okungathuthukisiwe
• Amathuba emakethe anomkhawulo
• Isidingo sasekhaya esinganele
Ukunyuka Kokuthutha Kweziqukathi Zasekhaya Ezisezingeni
Ukujula okuqhubekayo kwezinguquko kanye nokuvuleka kweShayina, okuhambisana nezinguquko zesistimu yezomnotho, kusheshise kakhulu ukukhula kohwebo lwesizwe lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ukuthuthwa kwamabhokisi kwaqala ukuchuma, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisogwini, lapho ingqalasizinda kanye nesidingo sezokuthutha kwathuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ukwandiswa kwezinsizakalo zamabhokisi ohwebo lwangaphandle kudale izimo ezivumayo zokukhula kwemakethe yezokuthutha zamabhokisi asekhaya, ukuhlinzeka:
• Isipiliyoni sokusebenza esibalulekile
• Amanethiwekhi abanzi wezokuthutha
• Izinkundla zolwazi eziqinile
Ingqopha-mlando yenzeka mhla ziyi-16 kuZibandlela 1996, lapho umkhumbi wokuqala waseShayina owawuhleliwe, umkhumbi “Fengshun”, usuka e-Xiamen Port uthwele iziqukathi ezijwayelekile zomhlaba jikelele.
Izici zokuthuthwa kweziqukathi zohwebo lwasekhaya zihlanganisa:
01. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu
Izinto zokuhamba ezifakwe emabhokisini zivumela izimpahla ukuthi zilayishwe futhi zehliswe ngokushesha, kunciphisa inani lezokuthutha nokuphathwa, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle konke kwezokuthutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usayizi wesitsha esimisiwe uvumela imikhumbi nezindawo zamachweba ukuthi zifaniswe kangcono, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha.
02. Ezomnotho
Ukuthuthwa kwesitsha ngolwandle kuvame ukonga kakhulu kunezokuthutha ezihamba phansi. Ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni eziningi kanye nokuhamba amabanga amade, ukuthuthwa kweziqukathi zasolwandle kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhamba.
03. Ukuphepha
Isitsha sinesakhiwo esiqinile nokusebenza kokuvala, okungavikela ngokuphumelelayo impahla emonakalweni wemvelo yangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesikhathi sokuthutha olwandle nazo ziqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla okuphephile.
04. Ukuvumelana nezimo
Ukuthutha okufakwe emabhokisini kwenza kube lula ukuthi izimpahla zidluliswe zisuka kwelinye ichweba ziye kwelinye, ngokuqaphela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kokuhamba kwezinto eziningi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela ezokuthutha eziqukathi zasolwandle ezifuywayo ukuthi zivumelane nezidingo zempahla ehlukahlukene.
05. Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezokuthutha emgwaqeni, ukuthuthwa kweziqukathi zasolwandle kunokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi, okusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthutha okufakwe emabhokisini nakho kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza yokupakisha, ehambisana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
| Izindlela zaseNingizimu China | Amachweba Endawo | Isikhathi Sokuthutha |
| I-Shanghai - Guangzhou | I-Guangzhou (nge-Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 izinsuku |
| I-Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | I-Dongguan (nge-Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 izinsuku |
| I-Shanghai - Xiamen | I-Xiamen (nge-Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 izinsuku |
| I-Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 izinsuku |
| I-Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | 5 izinsuku |
| I-Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | izinsuku ezingu-7 |
| Imizila yaseNyakatho China | Amachweba Endawo | Isikhathi Sokuthutha |
| I-Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | 2.5 izinsuku |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | I-Jingtang (nge-Tianjin) | 2.5 izinsuku |
| I-Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | I-Tianjin (nge-Pacific International Terminal) | 2.5 izinsuku |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 izinsuku |
| I-Shanghai - Qingdao | I-Qingdao (nge-Rizhao, futhi ixhuma eYantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, kanye ne-Weifang) | 2.5 izinsuku |
| Izindlela Zomfula iYangtze | Amachweba Endawo | Isikhathi Sokuthutha |
| I-Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | izinsuku 7-8 |
| I-Taicang - Chongqing | I-Chongqing (nge-Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | izinsuku ezingu-20 |
Inethiwekhi yamanje yokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina yasekhaya ifinyelele ukutholakala okuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo ezisogwini lwaseShayina kanye nemifula emikhulu. Yonke imizila emisiwe isebenza kumasevisi azinzile, ahleliwe olayini. Izinkampani ezibalulekile zemikhumbi zasekhaya ezisebenza kwezokuthutha ezisogwini nasemfuleni zihlanganisa: I-Zhonggu Shipping, i-COSCO, i-Sinfeng Shipping, ne-Antong Holdings.
I-Taicang Port yethule izinsiza zokuthumela eziqondile ezikhumulweni zaseFuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, naseNanchang, kuyilapho ikhulisa imvamisa yemizila yeprimiyamu eya eSuqian. Lezi zinguquko ziqinisa ukuxhumana nezindawo ezibalulekile zempahla ezifundazweni zase-Anhui, Henan, naseJiangxi. Sekwenziwe inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekwandiseni ubukhona bemakethe engxenyeni emaphakathi yomfula iYangtze.
Izinhlobo Zesiqukathi Ezivamile Ekuthunyelweni Kweziqukathi Zasekhaya
Imininingwane Yesitsha:
• 20GP (Injongo Ejwayelekile 20-foot container)
• Ubukhulu bangaphakathi: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• I-Max Gross Weight: amathani angama-27
• Ivolumu Esebenzisekayo: 24–26 CBM
• Isiteketiso: "Isitsha Esincane"
• 40GP (Injongo Ejwayelekile 40-foot container)
• Ubukhulu bangaphakathi: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• I-Max Gross Weight: amathani angama-26
• Ivolumu Esebenzisekayo: cishe. 54 CBM
• Isiteketiso: "Isitsha Esijwayelekile"
• 40HQ (Isiqukathi se-Cube Ephakeme 40-foot)
• Ubukhulu bangaphakathi: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• I-Max Gross Weight: amathani angama-26
• Ivolumu Esebenzisekayo: cishe. 68 CBM
• Isiteketiso: "High Cube Container"
Izincomo zohlelo lokusebenza:
• I-20GP ilungele imithwalo esindayo njengamathayela, izingodo, amapulangwe epulasitiki, namakhemikhali agcwele imigqomo.
• I-40GP / 40HQ ifaneleka kakhulu kumpahio ongasindi noma we-voluminous, noma izimpahla ezinezidingo ezithile zobukhulu, njengamafayibha okwenziwa, izinto zokupakisha, ifenisha, noma izingxenye zemishini.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Zokusebenza: Ukusuka e-Shanghai kuya e-Guangdong
Iklayenti lethu ekuqaleni lalisebenzisa ezokuthutha zomgwaqo ukuletha izimpahla zisuka eShanghai ziya eGuangdong. Iloli ngalinye elingamamitha angu-13 lalithwala amathani angu-33 wempahla ngenani lika-RMB 9,000 ngohambo ngalunye, nesikhathi sokuthutha esiyizinsuku ezi-2.
Ngemva kokushintshela kusixazululo sethu esithuthukisiwe sokuthutha olwandle, impahla manje isithunyelwa kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezingu-40HQ, ngasinye sithwele amathani angu-26. Izindleko ezintsha zokuthutha zingu-RMB 5,800 isiqukathi ngasinye, futhi isikhathi sokuthutha siyizinsuku eziyisi-6.
Ngokombono wezindleko, ezokuthutha zasolwandle zinciphisa kakhulu izindleko zempahla—kusuka ku-RMB 272 ngethani kwehle kuya ku-RMB 223 ngethani—okuholela ekongeni cishe kuka-RMB 49 ngethani.
Ngokwesikhathi, ukuthutha olwandle kuthatha izinsuku ezi-4 ubude kunezokuthutha zomgwaqo. Lokhu kudinga iklayenti ukuthi lenze izinguquko ezihambisanayo ekuhleleni uhlu lwezimpahla kanye neshejuli yokukhiqiza ukuze kugwenywe noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Isiphetho:
Uma iklayenti lingadingi ukulethwa okuphuthumayo futhi lingakwazi ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa nesitoko kusenesikhathi, imodeli yezokuthutha olwandle iveza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu, esizinzile, nesihambisana nemvelo.